Statistics on emsenn.net

Descriptive Statistics

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Audience: beginners summarizing data.

Learning goal: name common summary measures and what they describe.

Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) describe typical values. Measures of spread (range, variance, standard deviation) describe variability.

Check for understanding: Why do we need both central tendency and spread?

Inference Basics

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Audience: beginners learning to draw conclusions from samples.

Learning goal: explain what inference tries to do and why uncertainty matters.

Inference uses sample data to estimate population values while accounting for uncertainty. Confidence intervals and hypothesis tests are common tools for this purpose.

Check for understanding: What does uncertainty mean in statistical inference?

Sampling and Bias

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Audience: beginners learning about data quality.

Learning goal: explain why sampling matters and how bias appears.

Sampling determines which data are observed. Biased samples can misrepresent the population, leading to misleading conclusions even with accurate calculations.

Check for understanding: How can a biased sample affect a conclusion?

Statistics Overview

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Audience: beginners learning to summarize data.

Learning goal: describe what statistics measures and why samples are used.

Statistics summarizes data and estimates properties of a population using samples. Summaries like averages and spreads help compare groups or track change.

Check for understanding: Why do statisticians use samples instead of measuring an entire population?