Trace Energy Flow

Given an ecosystem or biological scenario:

  1. Identify the primary energy source (usually sunlight).
  2. Trace capture: which organisms fix energy (photosynthesis in plants, chemosynthesis in deep-sea vents)?
  3. Trace transfer: through which trophic levels does energy flow (producer → herbivore → predator)?
  4. Identify energy loss at each transfer (roughly 90% lost as heat at each trophic level).
  5. Trace decomposition: how does energy in dead matter return to the system through fungal and bacterial decomposition?
  6. Assess the overall energy budget: what limits productivity in this system?