Gardening is the practice of growing plants in a managed setting. This lesson introduces the discipline and the central problem it addresses: how to match a plant’s needs to the conditions of a specific place.

Assumed audience

  • Reading level: general adult.
  • Background: no gardening or biology experience required.
  • Goal: understand what gardening involves and why research precedes action.

What gardening is

Gardening is the deliberate cultivation of plants. It differs from agriculture in scale and intent: a gardener typically grows plants for a household rather than for sale, and works a smaller area of land. It differs from foraging in that the gardener chooses what grows and where.

A gardener’s work includes choosing plants, preparing a place for them, putting them in the ground (or a container), and maintaining the conditions they need until harvest or maturity.

The central problem

Every plant has requirements: a range of temperatures it can survive, an amount of light it needs, a type of soil it grows best in, and a quantity of water it must receive. Every place has conditions: its climate, its soil, its exposure to sun and wind.

Gardening is the work of closing the gap between what a plant needs and what a place provides. When the gap is small, gardening is easy. When the gap is large, the gardener must either choose a different plant, modify the place, or use a growing method that compensates for the difference.

Why research comes before planting

A seed costs little, but the time spent tending a plant that fails is not recoverable. Research is the cheapest step in gardening. By learning what a plant needs and what a place offers before putting anything in the ground, a gardener avoids the most common cause of failure: mismatch between plant and place.

What this discipline covers

This discipline teaches gardening in the following sequence:

  1. Plant basics: what plants are and what they need to grow.
  2. Soil: what soil is and why it matters.
  3. Light and climate: how light, temperature, and weather affect plants.
  4. Watering and nutrient management: how to provide water and nutrients to garden plants.
  5. Common plant problems: environmental stress, pests, and diseases.
  6. Propagation: the different ways plants are started.
  7. Reading information sources: how to find and interpret seed packets, catalogs, and extension publications.
  8. Researching plant growing methods: how to gather the information needed to make good decisions.
  9. Understanding your growing site: how to assess the conditions of a specific place.
  10. Selecting a growing method: how to choose an approach that fits both the plant and the place.

Each lesson builds on the ones before it.