Cedric J. Robinson (1940–2016) was an American political theorist and professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His work challenged the assumption that race and capitalism are separate systems that happen to interact, arguing instead that capitalism emerged from and has always depended on racial hierarchy.
Core ideas
- Racial capitalism: Robinson argued that capitalism did not create racial difference but inherited and extended it from feudal European civilization. Capital accumulation has always proceeded through racialized dispossession — slavery, colonialism, apartheid, and their afterlives are not aberrations but constitutive features of the capitalist system.
- Black radical tradition: in Black Marxism (1983), Robinson traced a tradition of Black resistance that precedes and exceeds Marxist categories, rooted in African epistemologies and communal practices rather than European revolutionary theory.
Notable works
- Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition (1983)
- An Anthropology of Marxism (2001)