Leanne Betasamosake Simpson is a Michi Saagiig Nishnaabeg scholar, writer, and musician. Her work centers Nishnaabeg intellectual traditions as living systems of knowledge, governance, and education — not as historical artifacts to be preserved but as ongoing practices of freedom.

Core ideas

  • land-based education: education rooted in relationship with land, water, and the more-than-human world. Land is not a backdrop for learning but a co-teacher and source of theory (Simpson, 2017).
  • Resurgence: Indigenous freedom comes through the regeneration of Indigenous practices, governance, and relationships — not through recognition by colonial institutions.
  • Intelligence as relational: knowledge arises from and is accountable to networks of relationships — with land, with community, with ancestors, with other-than-human beings.
  • Refusal of extraction: settler colonialism extracts resources, labor, and knowledge. Indigenous resurgence involves refusing extractive logics, including in scholarship and education.

Notable works

  • As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resistance (2017)
  • Dancing on Our Turtle’s Back: Stories of Nishnaabeg Re-Creation, Resurgence, and a New Emergence (2011)
  • Islands of Decolonial Love (2013, short stories)
Simpson, L. B. (2017). As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resistance. University of Minnesota Press.