Michael Hardt (born 1960) is an American political philosopher and literary theorist at Duke University. He is best known for his collaborations with Antonio Negri, particularly the Empire trilogy: Empire (2000), Multitude (2004), and Commonwealth (2009). These works analyze how global capitalism produces new forms of sovereignty and how collective political agency can operate within and against those forms.
Hardt’s independent work includes The Art of Organization and translations of Italian political theory into English, contributing to the broader circulation of autonomist Marxist thought in Anglophone scholarship.
Notable works
- Empire (2000, with Antonio Negri)
- Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire (2004, with Antonio Negri)
- Commonwealth (2009, with Antonio Negri)
- Assembly (2017, with Antonio Negri)
Related
- Antonio Negri — primary collaborator
- Biopolitics — the framework within which their joint work operates
- Michel Foucault — whose analysis of power Hardt and Negri extend