Norway

Norway (Norwegian: Norge or Noreg) is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It shares borders with Sweden, Finland, and Russia, and has an extensive Atlantic and Arctic coastline shaped by fjords.

Norway is notable in the context of this vault for its approach to resource governance and social democracy, and as a reference point in discussions of energy transition, sovereign wealth management, and Indigenous rights (the Sámi people, whose traditional territory spans northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia). Its sovereign wealth fund, the Government Pension Fund Global, is frequently cited in discussions of how resource extraction revenue can be managed across generations.