A debrief is a reflective and informational practice in which participants return observations, lessons, problems, and needs from action back into collective learning and coordination [@occupysandyorientation2012; @relieftoolkit2022].

Within emergent disaster response, the term matters because response knowledge is often generated in the field and would otherwise remain fragmented. Occupy Sandy’s field orientation required report-backs after actions, while Mutual Aid Disaster Relief’s Relief Toolkit is explicitly framed as a way to facilitate sharing what disaster efforts learn across sites and events [@occupysandyorientation2012; @relieftoolkit2022].

Debriefing is therefore not only reflection. It is one of the main ways emergent response turns lived experience into transmissible method.