Role clarity is a condition in which participants understand their responsibilities, limits, and relation to other roles well enough to act with confidence under disaster conditions [@norway2016; @occupysandyorientation2012].

Within emergent disaster response, the term matters because horizontal coordination can collapse into duplication, omission, or interpersonal strain when nobody is clear about who is doing what. The Occupy Sandy field orientation addressed this directly through point people, group roles, contact paths, and reporting expectations [@occupysandyorientation2012].

Role clarity does not require rigid hierarchy. It requires enough shared understanding that people can improvise without constantly interfering with one another.